Narrated 'Umar
bin Al-Khattab:
The Prophet said,
'O people! The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions, and every person
will get the reward according to what he has intended. So, whoever emigrated
for Allah and His Apostle, then his emigration was for Allah and His Apostle,
and whoever emigrated to take worldly benefit or for a woman to marry, then his
emigration was for what he emigrated for."
Narrated Abu
Huraira:
The Prophet said,
"Allah does not accept prayer of anyone of you if he does Hadath (passes
wind) till he performs the ablution (anew)."
Narrated Anas:
That Abu Bakr
wrote for him, Zakat regulations which Allah's Apostle had made compulsory, and
wrote that one should neither collect various portions (of the property) nor
divide the property into various portions in order to avoid paying Zakat.
Narrated Talha
bin 'Ubaidullah:
A bedouin with
unkempt hair came to Allah's Apostle and said, "O Allah's Apostle! Tell me
what Allah has enjoined on me as regards prayers." The Prophet said,
"You have to offer perfectly the five (compulsory) prayers in a day and a
night (24 hrs.), except if you want to perform some extra optional
prayers." The bedouin said, "Tell me what Allah has enjoined on me as
regards fasting." The Prophet said, "You have to observe fast during
the month of Ramadan except if you fast some extra optional fast." The
bedouin said, "Tell me what Allah has enjoined on me as regard
Zakat." The Prophet then told him the Islamic laws and regulations
whereupon the bedouin said, "By Him Who has honored you, I will not
perform any optional deeds of worship and I will not leave anything of what
Allah has enjoined on me." Allah's Apostle said, "He will be successful
if he has told the truth (or he will enter Paradise if he said the
truth)." And some people said, "The Zakat for one-hundred and twenty
camels is two Hiqqas, and if the Zakat payer slaughters the camels
intentionally or gives them as a present or plays some other trick in order to
avoid the Zakat, then there is no harm (in it) for him.
Narrated Abu
Huraira:
Allah's Apostle
said, "On the Day of Resurrection the Kanz (Treasure or wealth of which,
Zakat has not been paid) of anyone of you will appear in the shape of a huge
bald headed poisonous male snake and its owner will run away from it, but it
will follow him and say, 'I am your Kanz.'" The Prophet added, "By
Allah, that snake will keep on following him until he stretches out his hand
and let the snake swallow it." Allah's Apostle added, "If the owner
of camels does not pay their Zakat, then, on the Day of Resurrection those
camels will come to him and will strike his face with their hooves." Some
people said: Concerning a man who has camels, and is afraid that Zakat will be
due so he sells those camels for similar camels or for sheep or cows or money
one day before Zakat becomes due in order to avoid payment of their Zakat
cunningly! "He has not to pay anything." The same scholar said,
"If one pays Zakat of his camels one day or one year prior to the end of
the year (by the end of which Zakat becomes due), his Zakat will be
valid."
Narrated Ibn
Abbas:
Sa'd bin 'Ubada
Al-Ansari sought the verdict of Allah's Apostle regarding a vow made by his
mother who had died before fulfilling it. Allah's Apostle said, "Fulfill
it on her behalf." Some people said, "If the number of camels reaches
twenty, then their owner has to pay four sheep as Zakat; and if their owner
gives them as a gift or sells them in order to escape the payment of Zakat
cunningly before the completion of a year, then he is not to pay anything, and
if he slaughters them and then dies, then no Zakat is to be taken from his
property."
Narrated
'Abdullah:
Nafi narrated to
me that 'Abdullah said that Allah's Apostle forbade the Shighar. I asked Nafi',
"What is the Shighar?" He said, "It is to marry the daughter of
a man and marry one's daughter to that man (at the same time) without Mahr (in
both cases); or to marry the sister of a man and marry one's own sister to that
man without Mahr." Some people said, "If one, by a trick, marries on
the basis of Shighar, the marriage is valid but its condition is illegal."
The same scholar said regarding Al-Mut'a, "The marriage is invalid and its
condition is illegal." Some others said, "The Mut'a and the Shighar
are permissible but the condition is illegal."
Narrated Muhammad
bin 'Ali:
'Ali was told
that Ibn 'Abbas did not see any harm in the Mut'a marriage. 'Ali said,
"Allah's Apostle forbade the Mut'a marriage on the Day of the battle of
Khaibar and he forbade the eating of donkey's meat." Some people said,
"If one, by a tricky way, marries temporarily, his marriage is
illegal." Others said, "The marriage is valid but its condition is
illegal."
Narrated Abu
Huraira:
Allah's Apostle
said, "One should not prevent others from watering their animals with the
surplus of his water in order to prevent them from benefiting by the surplus of
grass."
Narrated Ibn
'Umar:
Allah's Apostle
forbade the practice of An-Najsh.
Narrated
'Abdullah bin 'Umar:
A man mentioned
to the Prophet that he had always been cheated in bargains. The Prophet said,
"Whenever you do bargain, say, 'No cheating.'"
Narrated 'Urwa:
That he asked
'Aisha regarding the Verse: 'If you fear that you shall not be able to deal
justly with the orphan girls, marry (other) women of your choice.' (4.3) 'Aisha
said, "It is about an orphan girl under the custody of her guardian who
being attracted by her wealth and beauty wants to marry her with Mahr less than
other women of her status. So such guardians were forbidden to marry them
unless they treat them justly by giving them their full Mahr. Then the people
sought the verdict of Allah's Apostle for such cases, whereupon Allah revealed:
'They ask your instruction concerning women..' (4.127) (The sub-narrator then
mentioned the Hadith.)
Narrated
'Abdullah bin 'Umar:
The Prophet said,
"For every betrayer there will be a flag by which he will be recognized on
the Day of Resurrection. "
Narrated Um
Salama:
The Prophet said,
"I am only a human being, and you people have disputes. May be some one
amongst you can present his case in a more eloquent and convincing manner than
the other, and I give my judgment in his favor according to what I hear.
Beware! If ever I give (by error) somebody something of his brother's right
then he should not take it as I have only, given him a piece of Fire."
(See Hadith No. 638. Vol. 3)
Narrated Abu
Huraira:
The Prophet said,
"A virgin should not be married till she is asked for her consent; and the
matron should not be married till she is asked whether she agrees to marry or
not." It was asked, "O Allah's Apostle! How will she(the virgin)
express her consent?" He said, "By keeping silent." Some people
said, "If a virgin is not asked for her consent and she is not married,
and then a man, by playing a trick presents two false witnesses that he has
married her with her consent and the judge confirms his marriage as a true one,
and the husband knows that the witnesses were false ones, then there is no harm
for him to consummate his marriage with her and the marriage is regarded as
valid."
Narrated
Al-Qasim:
A woman from the
offspring of Ja'far was afraid lest her guardian marry her (to somebody)
against her will. So she sent for two elderly men from the Ansar, 'AbdurRahman
and Mujammi', the two sons of Jariya, and they said to her, "Don't be
afraid, for Khansa' bint Khidam was given by her father in marriage against her
will, then the Prophet cancelled that marriage." (See Hadith No. 78)
Narrated Abu
Haraira:
Allah's Apostle
said, "A lady slave should not be given in marriage until she is
consulted, and a virgin should not be given in marriage until her permission is
granted." The people said, "How will she express her
permission?" The Prophet said, "By keeping silent (when asked her
consent)." Some people said, "If a man, by playing a trick, presents
two false witnesses before the judge to testify that he has married a matron
with her consent and the judge confirms his marriage, and the husband is sure
that he has never married her (before), then such a marriage will be considered
as a legal one and he may live with her as husband."
Narrated 'Aisha:
Allah's Apostle
said, "It is essential to have the consent of a virgin (for the marriage).
I said, "A virgin feels shy." The Prophet; said, "Her silence
means her consent." Some people said, "If a man falls in love with an
orphan slave girl or a virgin and she refuses (him) and then he makes a trick
by bringing two false witnesses to testify that he has married her, and then
she attains the age of puberty and agrees to marry him and the judge accepts
the false witness and the husband knows that the witnesses were false ones, he
may consummate his marriage."
Narrated 'Aisha:
Allah's Apostle
used to like sweets and also used to like honey, and whenever he finished the
'Asr prayer, he used to visit his wives and stay with them. Once he visited
Hafsa and remained with her longer than the period he used to stay, so I
enquired about it. It was said to me, "A woman from her tribe gave her a
leather skin containing honey as a present, and she gave some of it to Allah's
Apostle to drink." I said, "By Allah, we will play a trick on
him." So I mentioned the story to Sauda (the wife of the Prophet) and said
to her, "When he enters upon you, he will come near to you whereupon you
should say to him, 'O Allah's Apostle! Have you eaten Maghafir?' He will say,
'No.' Then you say to him, 'What is this bad smell? ' And it would be very hard
on Allah's Apostle that a bad smell should be found on his body. He will say,
'Hafsa has given me a drink of honey.' Then you should say to him, 'Its bees
must have sucked from the Al-'Urfut (a foul smelling flower).' I too, will tell
him the same. And you, O Saifya, say the same."
So when the
Prophet entered upon Sauda (the following happened). Sauda said, "By Him
except Whom none has the right to be worshipped, I was about to say to him what
you had told me to say while he was still at the gate because of fear from you.
But when Allah 's Apostle came near to me, I said to him, 'O Allah's Apostle! Have
you eaten Maghafir?' He replied, 'No.' I said, 'What about this smell?' He
said, 'Hafsa has given me a drink of honey.' I said, 'Its bees must have sucked
Al-'Urfut.' " When he entered upon me, I told him the same as that, and
when he entered upon Safiya, she too told him the same. So when he visited
Hafsa again, she said to him, "O Allah's Apostle! Shall I give you a drink
of it (honey)?" He said, "I have no desire for it." Sauda said,
Subhan Allah! We have deprived him of it (honey)." I said to her, "Be
quiet!"
Narrated
'Abdullah bin 'Amir bin Rabi'a:
'Umar bin
Al-Khattab left for Sham, and when he reached a placed called Sargh, he came to
know that there was an outbreak of an epidemic (of plague) in Sham. Then
'AbdurRahman bin 'Auf told him that Allah's Apostle said, "If you hear the
news of an outbreak of an epidemic (plague) in a certain place, do not enter
that place: and if the epidemic falls in a place while you are present in it,
do not leave that place to escape from the epidemic." So 'Umar returned
from Sargh.
Narrated 'Amir
bin Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas:
That he heard
Usama bin Zaid speaking to Sa'd, saying, "Allah's Apostle mentioned the
plague and said, 'It is a means of punishment with which some nations were
punished and some of it has remained, and it appears now and then. So whoever
hears that there is an outbreak of plague in some land, he should not go to
that land, and if the plague breaks out in the land where one is already present,
one should not run away from that land, escaping from the plague."
Narrated Ibn
'Abbas:
The Prophet said,
"The one who takes back his gift is like a dog swallowing its own vomit,
and we (believers) should not act according to this bad example."
Narrated Jabir
bin 'Abdullah:
The Prophet has
decreed that preemption is valid in all cases where the real estate concerned
has not been divided, but if the boundaries are established and the ways are
made, then there is no preemption. A man said, "Preemption is only for the
neighbor," and then he makes invalid what he has confirmed. He said,
"If someone wants to buy a house and being afraid that the neighbor (of
the house) may buy it through preemption, he buys one share out of one hundred
shares of the house and then buys the rest of the house, then the neighbor can
only have the right of preemption for the first share but not for the rest of
the house; and the buyer may play such a trick in this case."
Narrated 'Amr bin
Ash-Sharid:
Al-Miswar bin
Makhrama came and put his hand on my shoulder and I accompanied him to Sa'd.
Abu Rafi' said to Al-Miswar, "Won't you order this (i.e. Sa'd) to buy my
house which is in my yard?" Sa'd said, "I will not offer more than
four hundred in installments over a fixed period." Abu Rafi said, "I
was offered five hundred cash but I refused. Had I not heard the Prophet
saying, 'A neighbor is more entitled to receive the care of his neighbor,' I
would not have sold it to you." The narrator said, to Sufyan: Ma'mar did
not say so. Sufyan said, "But he did say so to me." Some people said,
"If someone wants to sell a house and deprived somebody of the right of preemption,
he has the right to play a trick to render the preemption invalid. And that is
by giving the house to the buyer as a present and marking its boundaries and
giving it to him. The buyer then gives the seller one-thousand Dirham as
compensation in which case the preemptor loses his right of preemption."
Narrated 'Amr bin
Ash-Sharid: Abu Rafi' said that Sa'd offered him four hundred Mithqal of gold
for a house. Abu Rafi ' said, "If I had not heard Allah's Apostle saying,
'A neighbor has more right to be taken care of by his neighbor,' then I would
not have given it to you." Some people said, "If one has bought a
portion of a house and wants to cancel the right of preemption, he may give it
as a present to his little son and he will not be obliged to take an oath."
Narrated Abu
Humaid As-Sa'idi:
Allah's Apostle
appointed a man called Ibn Al-Lutabiyya to collect the Zakat from Bani Sulaim's
tribe. When he returned, the Prophet called him to account. He said (to the
Prophet, 'This is your money, and this has been given to me as a gift." On
that, Allah's Apostle said, "Why didn't you stay in your father's and
mother's house to see whether you will be given gifts or not if you are telling
the truth?" Then the Prophet addressed us, and after praising and
glorifying Allah, he said: "Amma Ba'du", I employ a man from among
you to manage some affair of what Allah has put under my custody, and then he
comes to me and says, 'This is your money and this has been given to me as a
gift. Why didn't he stay in his father's and mother's home to see whether he
will be given gifts or not? By Allah, not anyone of you takes a thing
unlawfully but he will meet Allah on the Day of Resurrection, carrying that
thing. I do not want to see any of you carrying a grunting camel or a mooing
cow or a bleating sheep on meeting Allah." Then the Prophet raised both
his hands till the whiteness of his armpits became visible, and he said,
"O Allah! Haven't I have conveyed (Your Message)?" The narrator
added: My eyes witnessed and my ears heard (that Hadith).
Narrated Abu
Rafi':
The Prophet said,
"The neighbor has more right to be taken care of by his neighbor (than
anyone else)." Some men said, "If one wants to buy a house for 20,000
Dirhams then there is no harm to play a trick to deprive somebody of preemption
by buying it (just on paper) with 20,000 Dirhams but paying to the seller only
9,999 Dirhams in cash and then agree with the seller to pay only one Dinar in
cash for the rest of the price (i.e. 10,001 Dirhams). If the preemptor offers
20,000 Dirhams for the house, he can buy it otherwise he has no right to buy it
(by this trick he got out of preemption). If the house proves to belong to
somebody else other than the seller, the buyer should take back from the seller
what he has paid, i.e., 9,999 Dirhams and one Dinar, because if the house
proves to belong to somebody else, so the whole bargain (deal) is unlawful. If
the buyer finds a defect in the house and it does not belong to somebody other
than the seller, the buyer may return it and receive 20,000 Dirhams (instead of
9999 Dirham plus one Dinar) which he actually paid.' Abu 'Abdullah said,
"So that man allows (some people) the playing of tricks amongst the
Muslims (although) the Prophet said, 'In dealing with Muslims one should not
sell them sick (animals) or bad things or stolen things."
Narrated 'Amr bin
Ash-Sharid:
Abu Rafi' sold a
house to Sa'd bin Malik for four-hundred Mithqal of gold, and said, "If I
had not heard the Prophet saying, 'The neighbor has more right to be taken care
of by his neighbor (than anyone else),' then I would not have sold it to
you."
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